SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following refers to a disease?
A. The presence of an illness or sickness in a person
B. A state where a person has feelings of pain or discomfort without identifiable reason
C. A disorder in a person as a result of lifestyle/behavior
D. A condition where the body or parts of the body of a person have feelings of pain and discomfort from a pathological reason.
2. The public health nurse is the supervisor of rural health midwives. Which of the following is a supervisory function of the public health nurse?
A. Referring patients to the midwife
B. Providing technical guidance to the midwife
C. Providing nursing care to cases referred by the midwife
D. Formulating and implementing training programs for midwives
3. The concept of community health refers to interventions that focus on all the categories below except:
A. Primary health care
B. Tertiary health care
C. Surveillance of health care
D. Secondary health care
4. In community health nursing, an intersectoral approach refers to
A. Starting work with the smallest community
B. Different sectors working together
C. Transfer of authority for planning, decision making and management from a higher to a lower level
D. A fair distribution of health resources for all groups
5. The term prevalence refers to
A. The total number of cases of a disease existing in the population at a given point in time (per unit population)
B. The number of cases of a disease newly reported and occurs per year per thousand (or millions)
C. The occurrence of a disease affecting many people over a wide area
D. The number of cases occurring over a long period
6. Desertification refers to………………………………
A. The act of contaminating or defiling the soil
B. The conversion of fertile land into desert
C. The trapping of heat radiation from the earth’s surface increasing the overall temperature of the world
D. D None of the above
7. Which statistic can give the most accurate reflection of the health status of a community?
A. 1-4 year old age –specific mortality rate
B. Infant mortality rate
C. Crude death rate
D. High morbidity index
8. Health means all except:
A. Health is available and accessible to all from the grassroots level
B. Everybody participates in their health care
C. The health care practices are universally acceptable, affordable and accessible
D. The people must find health care only from health care practitioners
9. Which of the following refers to home visiting?
A. A process of providing nursing care to patients at their door steps
B. Identification and quantification of information in the community
C. Provision of intergrated health services to the community living away from the health centre
D. A process of providing services for several days to hard to reach areas
10. In community health nursing, an intersectoral approach refers to
A. Starting work with the smallest community
B. Different sectors working together
C. Transfer of authority for planning, decision making and management from a higher to a lower level
D. A fair distribution of health resources for all population groups
11. The term endemic in disease control refers to
A. When an infection is maintained over time in a population without the intervention from external assistance
B. An infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region
C. An infectious disease that occurs when new cases of the disease in a given human population and a given period substantially exceed what is expected based on recent experience
D. A condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long lasting in its effects
12. Which one of the following is not a principle of primary health care?
A. Manpower development
B. Risk management
C. Appropriate technology
D. Community participation
13. The aim of school health program is to:
A. start to help the children become health professional in future
B. ensure that children observe healthful practices for optimum growth and development
C. C .sensitize parents through their children to practice health behavior to avoid community illness such as diarrhea
D. Have children present drama in school events to educate their parents on hygienic practices.
14. Rural health services refers to
A. A large and isolated area of a country often with dispersed population
B. An intergrated health service to community far away from the health center
C. A community based service delivered in a intergrated way with the full participation an d contribution of the community
D. A referral system service
15. Risk is the potential that a chosen action or activity including the choice of an inaction, will lead to a loss or an undesirable outcome.
True or False
16. The functional role of an environmental health nurse as a consultant is to
A. Coordinate health and rehabilitation services
B. Develop and manage a comprehensive health promotion program that supports organizational objectives
C. Serve as an advisor for developing, implementing and evaluating environmental health
D. Identifying occupational and environmental health problems
17. Health belief model is used to
A. View the individual as well as the family as a centre of energy in constant interaction with the environment
B. Embodies the principles of community participation and multisectoral approach with emphasis on prevention.
C. Account for behaviors that improve well-being and develop human potential
D. Explain wellness and illness behaviors
18. The first three levels of health care in the Kenya essential package for health are:
A. Tertiary hospital level, primary level, community level
B. Community level, Dispensaries, Maternities
C. Primary level, Secondary level, Tertiary level
D. Dispensaries. Health centers, maternity homes
19. To turn the ecological balance against the agent any of the following methods can be used to break the transmission cycle except
A. Attacking the source
B. Interrupting the route of transmission
C. Attacking the disease
D. Protecting the susceptible host
20. Healthful school living is one of the components of a school health programme. It entails provision of the following except
A. A safe physical setting without hazards
B. Having buildings that can be easily cleaned and which can insulate from heat, rain and noise
C. A curriculum devoted to health instructions at each level of learning
D. A conducive emotional climate
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Outline at least 6 elements of primary health care ( 6 marks)
2. Briefly explain 3 levels of prevention of disease (6 marks)
3. Explain 4 sources of water pollution resulting from human activities ( 8 marks )
4. Explain 3 health promotion approaches in community health nursing (6 marks)
5. State the resources/components required for school health services (8 marks)
6. Explain 3 main strategies used in the implementation of health promotion ( 6 marks)
SECTION C: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Describe the principles of managing communicable diseases (20 marks)
2. Describe factors that influence health standards of a community (20 marks)
