SECTION I - ( MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS) - 20 MARKS)
Instructions: Answer all Questions; Choose one best option that fits the stem statement.
1. The following is true of Human Immunodeficiency virus except:
a) It’s a retrovirus that causes AIDS.
b) The virus causes disease in people only.
c) Its genetic material consists of two strands of DNA genome
d) It creates a deficiency in the immune system of man
2. The correct statement about HIV 1 virus is:
a) Subtype A is found in North America.
b) Is less virulent than HIV 2
c) Subtype C is most virulent
d) Subtype B is found in Africa
3. The drug ritonavir inhibits the function of;
a) Reverse transcriptase
b) protease
c) intergrase
d) co-receptors
4. According to Kenya Aids indicator survey(KAIS,2012),the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Kenya is greatest in:
a) Nyanza
b) Coast
c) Western
d) Eastern
5. A 30 year old patient with HIV and oral candidiasis is in which WHO Stage ?
a) Stage 1
b) Stage 2
c) Stage 3
d) Stage 4
6. Early virologic testing for HIV- exposed infants is recommended.;
a) To identify the infants who are HIV negative
b) To identify babies who are at highest risk of becoming sick from HIV
c) To convince the mother that she should stop breasfeeding
d) To determine which babies should receive cotrimoxaxole
7. CD4 counts in children:
a) Less than 12 months is greater than 15% of the total lymphocyte count.
b) 5 years and above is less than 500/mm
c) between 1-5 years is less than 25% of the total lymphocyte count
d) 1-2 months is greater than 35% of the normal lymphocyte count.
8. The commonest side effect of Non nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors is
a) Hematotoxicity
b) Hepatotocicity
c) Lipodystrophy
d) pancreatitis
9. The following vaccine is contraindicated in children with symptomatic HIV infection.
a) BCG vaccine
b) Pentavalent vaccine
c) Measles vaccine
d) Oral polio vaccine
10. The following drug is contraindicated in patients with HIV on TB treatment :
a) Efavirenz
b) Ritonavir
c) Nevirapine
d) Stavudine
11. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy refers to:
a) Combining at least 3 ARVs from 2 different classes of ARVs
b) Combining at least 2 ARVs from 3 different classes of ARVs
c) Combining at least 3 ARVs from 4 different classes of ARVs
d) Combining at least 4 ARVs from 3 different classes of ARVs
12. The WHO specific recommendation when to start ART in Adults & Adolescents is:
a) stage II when TLC is <200/mm3
b) stage I or II disease if CD4 count <200/mm3
c) stage III disease if CD4 count is < 200/mm3
d) stage IV disease if CD4 count is < 350/mm3
13. The percentage of mother to child transmission of HIV is greatest during:
a) pregnancy
b) childbirth
c) breastfeeding
d) caesarian section
14. Efavirence must never be prescribed to:
a) Children under 4 years
b) Pregnant women
c) children
d) women
15. A patient’s ARV drug regimen is not altered because of:
a) Drug Toxicity or Intolerance
b) Drug interactions
c) Treatment failure
d) Patient’s request
16. One of the 4 C’s of STI management include:
a) Contact relatives
b) Comply to treatment
c) Careful selection of partner
d) Confrontation
17. A clinical features of stage IV in pediatric HIV is:
a) Oral candidiasis (thrush) after 2 months
b) Pulmonary tuberclosis (TB) or lymph node TB
c) Recurrent severe bacterial meningitis
d) Severe, recurrent bacterial pneumonia
18. Genital warts are caused by:
a) Treponema pallidum
b) human papiloma virus
c) herpes simplex virus
d) Neisseria species
19. You are assessing a young male. He has both blisters and ulcerations on the shaft of his penis .The most likely medical diagnosis is;
a) Genital herpes
b) Chlamydia
c) Gonorrhoea
d) Genital warts
20. Post Exposure Prophylaxis should be given within--------hours of exposure.
a) 48 hours
b) 72 hours
c) 24 hours
d) 12 hours
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS – 40 Marks
1. Explain the signs and symptoms in the following sexually transmitted infection
a) Gonorrhoea (4marks)
b) Explain the difference between HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (4marks)
2. Explain four impacts of HIV/AIDS in Kenya ( 8marks)
3. Explain any four legal social and ethical issues associated with HIV/AIDS ( 8MARKS)
4. Explain any four aspects of wholistic or comprehensive management given to clients /patients with HIV/AIDS
5. Describe four ways of improving adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy( HAART) ( 8 marks)
6. Explain the management of HIV exposed infants ( 8marks
SECTION C: LONG ESSAY QUESTIONS - 40 Marks
1. Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected by HIV/AIDS. Discuss the factors fueling the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa. ( 20marks)
2. MR X came to the hospital complaining of night sweats and persistent cough of more than 2 weeks. He underwent an HIV test and was found to be HIV positive.
a) Define opportunistic infections (2 marks)
b) Explain any two tests used to diagnose HIV (4marks)
c) (i) Classify any three classes of anti-retroviral drugs describing the mode of action and giving 2 examples in each category.( 9marks)
c)(ii) Explain 5 goals of antiretroviral drugs( 5marks)
