SECTION A (40 mks)
1. The relationship between two organisms in which one is benefited by the relationship and the other is neither benefited nor harmed is
a. Mutualism
b. Phoresis
c. Commensalism
d. Parasitism
2. Permanent parasites__________________________________
a. Parasites that live inside the host
b. Parasites that live their entire life in the host
c. Parasites that completely dependent on the host during part or whole of its life cycle
d. Parasites that live on the host
3. A reservoir host is a host _________________________-
a. The level of pathogen can be high enough that a vector such as a mosquito that feeds on it will probably become infectious.
b. Which the parasite reaches sexual maturity
c. That can harbor a pathogen indefinitely without getting ill but it may pass the infection to other hosts
d. That does not allow transmission to the definitive host and thereby prevents the parasite from it’s life cycle
4. Ascaris lambricoides is transmitted through
a. Blood transfusion
b. Skin penetration
c. Inhalation
d. Ingestion of contaminated food and water
5. Which one of the following statements is FALSE about protozoans
a. Protozoan range from 10 – 50 micrometers but can grow up to 1 mm and are easily seen under a microscope.
b. They move around with whip-like tails called flagella, hair-like structures called cilia, or foot-like structures called pseudopods, others do not move at all.
c. As predators they prey upon unicellular or filamentous algae, bacteria and micro fungi. All protozoa digest their food in stomach-like compartments called vacuoles.
d. Protozoan life stages alternate between proliferative stages trophozoites and dormant cysts.
6. Protozoans belonging to the class Sarcodina______________________
a. have one or more flagella
b. Move by means of cilia
c. form spores at one stage in their life cycle
d. Move by pseudopodia
7. The infective stage of malaria parasites is_____________________
a. Merozoites
b. Sporozoites
c. Trophozoites
d. Gametocytes
8. The gold standard method for detecting Toxoplama gondii is
a. Microscopy
b. Sabin-Feldman Dye Test
c. Culture
d. Polymerase chain reaction
9. ________________________invades the central nervous system through the olfactory mucosa.
a. Naegleria fowleria
b. Entamoeba hystolytica
c. Anopheles gambiae
d. Schistosoma mansoni
10. Which one of the following is not an intestinal flagellate?
a. Retormonas intestinalis
b. Enteromonas hominis
c. Chilomastix mesnilii
d. Entamoeba hystolytica
11. The metacyclic trypanosomes ____________________occupy a posterior position in the gut of the insect vector and are passed out in the faeces.
a. Trypanosoma gambiense
b. Trypanosoma cruzi
c. Trichomonas hominis
d. Leishmania donovani
12. Buffy coat examination is used for identification of
a. Plasmodium palciparum
b. Trypanosoma rhodesiense
c. Leishmania aethiopica
d. Babesia bovis
13. Which one of the following is the drug is NOT used for treatment of trypanosomiasis?
a. Pentamidine
b. Suramin
c. Eflornithine
d. Albendazole
14. The life cycle stages of Leishamnia species are?
a. Amastigotes and promastigotes
b. Amastigotes and epimastigotes
c. Trypomastigotes and metacyclic promastigtes
d. Trypomastigotes and epimastigotes
15. Balantidium coli inhabits_________________
a. Large intestine, caecum and terminal ileum
b. Liver, small intestines and throat
c. Central nervous system and lungs
d. Eyes, nose and ears
16. The infective stage of Isospora belli is?
a. Oocyst
b. Tachyzoites
c. Cysts
d. Sporozoites
17. Hymenolepsis nana lodges in_____________________
a. Intestinal tract
b. Lungs
c. Subcutaneous tissues
d. Spleen and liver
18. In the life cycle of Echonococcus granulossus the eggs hatch in the?
a. Large intestines of the definitive host
b. Small intestines of the intermediate host
c. Lungs of the definitive host
d. Intestinal lining of the definitive host
19. Which one of the following is not a developmental stage schistosoma species?
a. Metacercaria
b. Cercaria
c. Schistosomula
d. Miracidium
20. Loa loa is transmited by
a. Tabanid flies
b. Tse tse flies
c. Sand flies
d. Deer fly
SECTIOB B (40mks)
1. Outline the effect of parasitism on the host (5mks)
2. Describe the clinical presentation of Toxoplama gondii (5mks)
3. Describe the pathology of complicated malaria (5mks)
4. Describe the clinical presentation of hookworm infection
5. Describe the life cycle of Clornochis sinensis
6. Describe the clinical presentation of Leishmaniasis (5mks)
7. Outline the preventive measures of fascioliasis (5mks)
8. Describe the epidemiology of Ascaris lumbricoides (5mks)
SECTION C (40mks)
1. A patient comes to the hospital presenting with symptoms of severe cholera like diarrhea, examination of the stool reveals sporulated cysts. Describe this parasitic infection in terms of
a. Etiological agent and transmission (4mks)
b. Life cycle (8mks)
c. Pathogenesis (4mks)
d. Treatment and prevention (4mks)
2. Describe the host immune response to parasitic infections (10mks)
3. Describe the evasion mechanisms parasites from the host defense mechanisms (10mks).
