SECTION A: MCQs
1. Which of the following is a mixed tumor?
a. Myxoma
b. Adenoma
c. Adenosquamous carcinoma
d. Liposarcoma
2. The following are malignant tumors except which one?
a. Meningioma
b. Angiosarcoma
c. Neroblastoma
d. Leukemias
3. Characteristics of tumors may be described under the following except
a. Duration of the tumor
b. Rate of growth
c. Metastasis
d. Microscopic features
4. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. Anaplasia is lack of differentiation
b. Anaplasia is a characteristic of benign tumors
c. Pleomorphism is the variation in size and shape of the tumor cells
d. Differentiation is a characteristic of Neoplastic cells
5. Cancers may spread to distant sites by the following pathways except
a. Lymphatic spread
b. Haematogenous spread
c. Spread along body cavities
d. Spread by close physical contact to other body tissues
6. UV radiation may cause carcinogenesis in the following mechanism
a. Inhibition of cell division
b. Induce gene mutation
c. Cause cell death
d. All the above
7. The following viruses have been implicated in human tumors EXCEPT
a. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)
b. Herpes Simplex Virus type 2, (HSV-2)
c. Human papilloma virus
d. Hepatitis – B virus, (HBV)
8. Steatosis (fatty change) is
a. Intracellular accumulation of neutral fat within parenchymal cells
b. Deposition of mature adipose cells in the stromal connective tissue
c. Pathologic accumulation of proteins in the cytoplasm of cells
d. None of the above
9. Indicate TRUE or FALSE
I. Vitiligo is generalized hypopigmentation of the skin FALSE
II. Lentigo is a premalignant condition TRUE
10. Albinism is caused by;
a. Reduced tyrosinase in melanocytes
b. Defective melanocytes
c. Defective tyrosinase
d. Defective melanin
11. The following are syndromes resulting from numerical aberrations of chromosomes EXCEPT
a. Down’s syndrome
b. Klinefelter’s syndrome
c. Turner’s syndrome
d. None of the above
12. Blastomas are
a. Benign tumor made of mature but disorganized cells of tissues indigenous to the organ
b. Group of malignant tumors which arise from embryonal cells
c. Name given to the ectopic islands of normal tissue
d. None of the above
13. Tumors of the following organs will frequently have secondaries in the liver EXCEPT;
a. Bowel
b. Spleen
c. Pancreas
d. Uterus
14. Which of the following is not a premalignant lesion?
a. Carcinoma in situ
b. Neurofibromatosis
c. Cirrhosis of the liver
d. Lymphoma
15. Which of the following is an inflammatory heart condition
a. Infectious Endocarditis
b. Rheumatic fever
c. Kawasaki disease
d. Atherosclerosis
16. The probable carcinogen in the etiology of cancer of the cervix is?
a. Viruses
b. Radiation
c. Chemicals
d. Unsafe sex
17. The critical defense against cancer is?
a. Radiotherapy
b. Immunotherapy
c. Apoptosis
d. Chemotherapy
18. The following are modifiable risk factors of cancer except
a. Viruses
b. Ionization radiation exposure
c. Smoking
d. Extended exposure to UV light
19. Fine needle aspiration cytology is most often used for diagnosis of
a. Palpable mass lesions
b. Leukemia
c. Hemophilia
d. Impalpable mass lesions
20. Which of the following hormones have been shown to influence carcinogenesis?
a. Oestrogen
b. Contraceptive hormones
c. Anabolic steroids
d. All the above
SECTION B: SAQs
1. Differentiate between staging and grading of tumors (6 marks)
2. Name five human cancers caused by viruses indicating the respective virus (5 marks)
3. Describe four complications and hazards of fine needle aspiration? (8 marks)
4. Explain four causes of cysts (4 marks)
5. Explain the difference between exfoliative cytology and interventional cytology (10 marks)
6. Identify five treatment options for a client diagnosed with a tumor (7 marks)
SECTION C: LAQs
1. Describe the effect of tumors on the host (20 marks)
2. Identify five pathologic diagnosis of cancer (20 marks)
