MULTIPLE CHOICES
1. The following statement about IMCI is TRUE:
a. A combination of individual signs leads to child’s diagnosis
b. A combination of individual signs leads to a child’s classification
c. Children are assessed according to the presenting complaint
d. A combination of individual signs leads to a child’s diagnosis and classification
2. An infant aged 6 (six) weeks suffering from pneumonia may commonly present with:
a. Bradycardia, hypertonia, lethargy and chest indrawing
b. Tachycardia, hypertonia, lethargy and chest indrawing
c. Tachycardia, hypotonia, lethargy and chest indrawing
d. Bradycardia, hypotonia, lethargy and chest indrawing
3. The following are complications of measles:
a. Malnutrition, Gastro-enteritis, stomatitis, meningitis
b. Malnutrition, pneumonia, Gastro-enteritis, stomatitis
c. Malnutrition, Gastro-enteritis, glomerulonephritis, stomatitis
d. Malnutrition, Gastro-enteritis, Arthritis, Stomatitis
4. Protein requirements are increased in the presence of:
a. Burns, infections, diarrhea and malnutrition
b. Burns, trauma, infections and diarrhea
c. Burns, trauma, malnutrition and infections
d. Skin losses, burns, diarrhea and trauma
5. Some of the rights of children include:
a. The right to care and nurturing, identity, media access and work
b. The right to education, work, identity and care and nurturing
c. The right to leisure and play, privacy, safe work and protection from maltreatment
d. Right to education, an adequate standard of living and work
6. The common parameters for monitoring growth in a child less than three years includes:
a. Height, weight, head circumference
b. Head circumference, body mass index, length
c. Head circumference, body mass index, chest circumference
d. Height, weight, chest circumference
7. Bacterial endocarditis is commonly caused by:
a. Streptococcus viridians
b. Staphylococcus aureus
c. Candida albicans
d. Escheria coli
8. F 75 has
a. Low protein
b. More fat
c. Low potassium
d. More protein
9. Which of the following vaccines result when closely related organisms of lesser virulence, which share many antigens with the virulent organism is used for immunization?
a. Live attenuated vaccine
b. Heterologous vaccines
c. Live recombinant vaccine
d. Subcellular fractions
10. Otitis media among infants and young children has a developmental component of:
a. Their eustachian tubes are horizontal
b. Their eustachian tubes are vertical
c. They are immature
d. Their immunity is immature
11. Which of the following is the LEAST criteria to consider for admission of a child with bronchiolitis?
a. Feeding less than half the usual intake
b. Presence of recession and grunting
c. SPO2 less 93%
d. Heart rate > 140 beats per minute
12. The statement that is TRUE about pneumonia is:
a. Right upper lobe pneumonia cannot occur during the first year of life
b. Wheeze is common in bacterial pneumonia
c. Emphysema is common in children with pneumonia caused by streptococcus pneumonia
d. The most effective antibiotic for streptococcus pneumonia is Erythromycin
13. One of the following is highly associated with croup episodes:
a. Parainfluenza
b. Adenovirus
c. Enterovirus
d. Rhinovirus
14. A respiratory dysfunction related to developmental delay in lung maturation is:
a. Hypoplastic lung
b. Respiratory distress syndrome
c. Pneumonia
d. Asthma
15. In sickle cell crises, the type of crisis which is characterized by pooling of blood in the liver and spleen with decreased blood volume and shock is:
a. Vaso-occlusive crisis
b. Sequestration crisis
c. Aplastic crisis
d. Hyperhemolytic crisis
16. All the following are true about hemophilia except:
a. Is a group of bleeding disorders in which there is deficiency of one of the factors necessary for coagulation of the blood
b. Deficiency of factor VIII causes hemophilia A
c. Deficiency of factor IX causes hemophilia B
d. Hemophilia VIII accounts for about 50% of all cases
17. Which of the following is true about vitamin D
a. Vitamin D2 or calciferol is not available as irradiated ergosterol
b. Vitamin D3 is naturally present in human skin in provitamin stage as 6-dehydrocholesterol
c. The irradiated sterols are hydroxylated in the liver to 25-OH-cholecalciferol
d. The irradiated sterols are hydroxylated in the renal cortical cells to 2,25-OH-dihydroxycholecalciferal
18. Which of the following statement is correct about neonatal jaundice?
a. Jaundice is a common finding in newborns and 50 to 70 % of term infants have transient jaundice.
b. Physiological jaundice occurs for more than 2 weeks
c. Jaundice can result from inability to excrete bile, which results in conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
d. Pathological jaundice resolves by its own without treatment
19. The cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in infants is:
a. Hypothyroidism
b. ABO or Rhesus incompatibility
c. Red cell enzyme deficiency
d. Sickle cell anemia
20. All the following are characteristics of gastro-esophageal reflux except:
a. Is the transfer of gastric contents into the esophagus
b. Is not common in children who have undergone tracheoesophageal and esophageal atresia repair
c. Predispose to development of respiratory tract infections and aspirations
d. Diagnostic test used include barium swallow
SECTION B
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Using age, illustrate the milestone of a toddler to school age child (8 marks)
2. Explain Kohlberg theory of growth and development (8 marks)
3. State six principles to be considered when caring for a sick child (6 marks)
4. State five cyanotic heart defects (10 marks)
5. Illustrate the concept of integrated management of childhood illnesses (8 marks)
SECTION C
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. A 10 year old child is brought to casualty having a barking cough, stridor, wheezing and cyanosis
a. State the medical diagnosis (2 marks)
b. State how you will classify the above condition according to severity (8marks)
c. Describe the management of the child in the first 48 hours (10 marks)
2. AB, 4 years old is admitted to pediatric medical ward of Kakamega Provincial General Hospital with a diagnosis of hemophilia
a. Differentiate between type A and B hemophilia (3 marks)
b. Explain the patho-physiology of hemophilia (5 marks).
c. State how you would diagnose this condition (3 marks)
d. Using nursing process, describe the management of AB for the first 24 hours
(9 marks)
