MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
1. The congenital abnormality where the meatus is in the ventral aspect of the penile shaft is:
a. Hypospadias
b. Epispadias
c. Phimosis
d. Hemangiomas
2. Which of the following is true about vitamin D?
a. Vitamin D2 or calciferol is not available as irradiated ergosterol
b. Vitamin D3 is naturally present in human skin in provitamin stage as 6-dehydrocholesterol
c. The irradiated sterols are hydroxylated in the liver to 25-OH-cholecalciferol
d. The irradiated sterols are hydroxylated in the renal cortical cells to 2,25-OH-dihydroxycholecalciferal
3. In sickle cell crises, the type of crisis which is characterized by pooling of blood in the liver and spleen with decreased blood volume and shock is:
a. Vaso-occlusive crisis
b. Sequestration crisis
c. Aplastic crisis
d. Hyperhemolytic crisis
4. All the following are true about hemophilia EXCEPT:
a. Is a group of bleeding disorders in which there is deficiency of one of the factors necessary for coagulation of the blood
b. Deficiency of factor VIII causes hemophilia A
c. Deficiency of factor IX causes hemophilia B
d. Hemophilia VIII accounts for about 50% of all cases
5. Which of the following is true about cleft lip
a. Clefts of the lip are facial malformation that occur during fetal development
b. Cleft lip and cleft palate appear more commonly separately
c. Cleft palate occur as a result of failure of fusion of maxillary and median nasal processes
d. Clefts are commonly unilateral
6. All the following are characteristics of right-sided heart failure EXCEPT:
a. Increased pressure in the right atrium
b. Increased pressure in the systemic venous circulation
c. Hepatosplenomegaly
d. Elevated pulmonary pressures
7. Bacterial endocarditis is commonly caused by:
a. Streptococcus viridians
b. Staphylococcus aureus
c. Candida albicans
d. Escheria coli
8. The type of complex childhood disorder that involves abnormal emotional, social and linguistic development is:
a. Autism
b. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
c. Mental retardation
d. Psychosis
9. A child with severe dehydration has:
a. Can’nt take orally
b. Skin pinch returning after 2 seconds
c. Capillary refill time- greater than 2 seconds
d. Sunken eyes
10. Which of the following is the LEAST criteria to consider for admission of a child with bronchiolitis?
a. Feeding less than half the usual intake
b. Presence of recession and grunting
c. SPO2 less 93%
d. Heart rate > 140 beats per minute
11. The statement that is TRUE about pneumonia is:
a. Right upper lobe pneumonia cannot occur during the first year of life
b. Wheeze is common in bacterial pneumonia
c. Emphysema is common in children with pneumonia caused by streptococcus pneumonia
d. The most effective antibiotic for streptococcus pneumonia is Erythromycin
12. A child with wilm’s tumor may present with the following:
a. Weight gain, hematuria, hypertension and anemia
b. Weight gain, hematuria, hypotension and anemia
c. Weight loss, hematuria, hypotension and anemia
d. Weight loss, hematuria, hypertension and anemia
13. The following statement about IMCI is TRUE:
a. A combination of individual signs leads to child’s diagnosis
b. A combination of individual signs leads to a child’s classification
c. Children are assessed according to the presenting complaint
d. A combination of individual signs leads to a child’s diagnosis and classification
14. An infant aged 6 (six) weeks suffering from pneumonia may commonly present with:
a. Bradycardia, hypertonia, lethargy and chest indrawing
b. Tachycardia, hypertonia, lethargy and chest indrawing
c. Tachycardia, hypotonia, lethargy and chest indrawing
d. Bradycardia, hypotonia, lethargy and chest indrawing
15. The following are complications of measles:
a. Malnutrition, Gastro-enteritis, stomatitis, meningitis
b. Malnutrition, pneumonia, Gastro-enteritis, stomatitis
c. Malnutrition, Gastro-enteritis, glomerulonephritis, stomatitis
d. Malnutrition, Gastro-enteritis, Arthritis, Stomatitis
16. Protein requirements are increased in the presence of:
a. Burns, infections, diarrhea and malnutrition
b. Burns, trauma, infections and diarrhea
c. Burns, trauma, malnutrition and infections
d. Skin losses, burns, diarrhea and trauma
17. Some of the rights of children include:
a. The right to care and nurturing, identity, media access and work
b. The right to education, work, identity and care and nurturing
c. The right to leisure and play, privacy, safe work and protection from maltreatment
d. Right to education, an adequate standard of living and work
18. At what age does the infant when pulled from supine to sitting, head lag not quite complete?
a. At 4 weeks
b. At 6 weeks
c. At 8 weeks
d. At 12 weeks
19. Which of the following statement is correct about neonatal jaundice?
a. Jaundice is a common finding in newborns and 50 to 70 % of term infants have transient jaundice.
b. Physiological jaundice occurs for more than 2 weeks
c. Jaundice can result from inability to excrete bile, which results in conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
d. Pathological jaundice resolves by its own without treatment
20. The cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in infants is:
a. Hypothyroidism
b. ABO or Rhesus incompatibility
c. Red cell enzyme deficiency
d. Sickle cell anemia
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
1. Describe the patho-physiology of diabetes mellitus type 2 in a toddler (8 marks)
2. Illustrate at least four chemotherapy regimens used in management of Hodgkin lymphoma (8 marks)
3. Describe the patho-physiology of otitis media in a school aged child (8 marks)
4. Explain how you would classify burn in an infant ( 8marks)
5. Describe the types of neuro-tube defects (8 marks)
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
1. AB, 4 years old is admitted to the pediatric medical ward with a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome.
a. Describe the patho-physiology of nephrotic syndrome (6 marks)
b. Manage master AB in the first 24 hours from the time of admission (14 marks).
2. A toddler has been brought in oncology ward with diagnosis of Non- Hodgkin’s tumor.
a. Explain how you will classify Non-Hodgkin’s tumor (8 marks)
b. Manage the toddler in the first 24 hours from the time of admission (12 marks)
