spinal anesthesia

Spinal Anesthesia Technique

Spinal anesthesia is a type of neuraxial anesthesia; local anesthetic is...

  • Pharmacology
  • Anesthesia

neostigmine

Neostigmine Pharmacology

Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic agent and a cholinesterase inhibitor...

  • Pharmacology
  • Anesthesia

bupivacaine

Bupivacaine (Marcaine): MOA, Uses, Dosage and Side Effects

Bupivacaine is a long-acting amide local anesthetic agent that is used...

  • Pharmacology
  • Anesthesia

Adrenaline

Adrenaline vasoconstrictor and local anaesthetics

Adrenaline is a potent vasoconstrictor whose addition to a local anaesthetic...

  • Pharmacology
  • Anesthesia

lidocaine

Lidocaine (Lignocaine Local anaesthetic) Pharmacology

Lidocaine is an amide local anaesthetic agent and a class 1B antiarrhythmic...

  • Pharmacology
  • Anesthesia

ketamine

Ketamine (Ketalar): Mechanism of Action, Uses and Effects

Ketamine is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic agent that is a noncompetetive...

  • Pharmacology
  • Anesthesia