1. Ecstasy:
A. ………Is a normal phenomenon
B. ………May be see in epilepsy
C. ………Is a passivity experience
D. ………May occur in hysterical dissociation
E. ………May occur in alexithymia
2. Illusions:
A. ………Are false perceptions
B. ………Can occur during inattention
C. ………Pareidolic illusions are banished by attention
D. ………Are a feature of the Capgrass syndrome
E. ………Are a feature of temporal lobe epilepsy.
3. Characteristic features of epileptic automatisms include:
A. ………Normal control of posture and tone
B. ………Clear consciousness
C. ………Complete recall for the period of the automatism
D. ………They occur only after a seizure
E. ………A normal EEG.
4. Characteristic features of pseudoseizures (psychogenic seizures or hysterical seizures) include:
A. ………Loss of consciousness
B. ………Incontinence of urine
C. ………Normal post ‘seizure’ EEG
D. ………Cyanosis
E. ………Classic generalized seizure.
5. The following defence mechanisms are associated with Anna Freud:
A. ………Regression
B. ………Projection
C. ………Splitting
D. ………Isolation
E. ………Projective identification
6. In psychoanalytic theory, resistance:
A. ……….Is a psychological concept
B. ………Can provide information on the patient’s mental functioning
C. ………Is synonymous with defence
D. ………May arise due to the threat posed by the analytic procedure
E. ………Is not an obstacle to treatment
7. The following may be neuropsychiatric sequelae of subarachnoid hemorrhage:
A. ………Depression
B. ………Anxiety
C. ………Persistent headache
D. ………Epilepsy
E. ………Organic mental symptoms
8. In Huntington’s chorea/Huntington’s disease:
A. ………The onset is typically between the ages of 15 and 30
B. ………Neurological signs may precede psychiatric symptom
C. ………Cognitive impairment occurs early in the course of the disease
D. ………The initial diagnosis is retrospectively found to have been wrong in at least one-third of cases
E. ………The chorea begins in the extremities in most cases.
9. The following are recognized features of Wernicke’s encephalopathy:
A. ………Memory disorder
B. ………Quadriplegia
C. ………Pseudobulbar palsy
D. ………Emotional abnormalities
E. ………Peripheral neuropathy.
10. Characteristic features of functional stupor include:
A. ………Marked clouding of consciousness
B. ………Aphasia
C. ………Immobility
D. ………Hyperreflexia
E. ………Unresponsive.
11. Characteristic features of complex partial epilepsy include:
A. ………Impaired consciousness
B. ………Aura
C. ………Invariably leads to tonic-clonic phase
D. ………Absences
E. ………Often preceded by a simple partial seizure
12. In Bleuler’s view, the fundamental symptoms of schizophrenia included:
A. ………Disturbances of associations
B. ………Autism
C. ………Catatonia
D. ………Hallucinations
E. ………Delusions
13. The following are examples of loosening of associations seen in schizophrenia:
A. ………Neologisms
B. ………Word salad
C. ………Punning
D. ………Metonyms
E. ………Parapraxes
14. Characteristic features of classic tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia include:
A. .…….…A late onset
B. ……..…Choreoathetoid movements of lips, tongue and mouth
C. ……..…When extremities are involved, hands are more commonly affected than the feet
D. ….……The rabbit syndrome
E. ….……Subjective feeling of restlessness or uneasiness.
15. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include:
A. …..……Hallucinations
B. …..……Flat affect
C. …..……Delusions
D. …..……Poverty of speech
E. …..……Avolition
16. The following are common important features of chronic (defect state) schizophrenia
A. ….……Cognitive impairment
B. ….……Thought insertion
C. ….…….Depression
D. ….…….Delusional perception
E. ….…….Emotional blunting
17. The following movement disorders occur in schizophrenia
A. …..……Stereotype
B. …..……Logoclonia
C. …..……Ambitendence
D. …..……Echopraxia
E. …..……Choreiform movements.
18. The following are typical features of ICD-10 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD):
A. …………It arises within 6 months of a traumatic event of exceptional severity
B. …..……Avoidance of activities and situations reminiscent of the trauma
C. …..……Flashbacks
D. …..……Hypervigilance
E. …..……Insomnia
19. Biological symptoms of depression can include:
A. …..……Weight loss
B. …..……Diurnal variation of mood
C. …..……Constipation
D. …..……Loss of libido
E. …..……Amenorrhoea
20. The following are increased in depressed patients:
A. …..……Prolactin response to infusion of L-tryptophan
B. …..……Prolactin response to oral fenfluramine
C. …..……Postmortem brain dopamine concentrations
D. …..……Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
E. ….……Growth hormone response to clonidine.
SECTION II: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 Marks)
Answer all the questions (5 Marks each)
1. Identify the five stages of substance abuse in adolescence
2. Outline the clinical of Manic Episodes
3. Explain the conceptual models of psychiatric treatment.
4. Describe “therapeutic nurse-patient relationship” and think of a patient you recently cared for as a nurse, evaluate how well you demonstrated each of the responsive dimensions of the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship.
5. Explain the clinical features of Depressive Episodes
6. State 10 core mental health disciplines
7. Identify the six dimensions of the nurse-patient partner¬ship that characterize today's psychiatric nursing role.
8. On a scale of 1 to 5, rank the order of your preference for the five models of psychiatric treatment and explain your ranking.
SECTION III: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 Marks)
Answer all the questions (20) Marks each)
1. Outline the diagnostic criteria and signs and symptoms of depression.
DSM IV Diagnostic criteria
2. Name as many neurotransmitters as possible and explain their roles in mental
