SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
1. Which of the four goals of psychology is achieved when we can explain behavior?
A. Describe
B. Predict
C. Understand
D. Influence
2. Unconscious motives are the roots of psychological problems according to
A. Psychoanalysts
B. Behaviorists
C. Gestalt Psychologists
D. Humanistic Psychologists
3. The tendency to mentally “fill in” incomplete figures is the Gestalt principle of perception called
A. Figure-ground
B. Proximity
C. Dissimilarity
D. Closure
4. Which illusion may help to explain some airplane crashes?
A. The Ames room
B. The Muller-Lyer illusion
C. The Ponzo illusion
D. The Poggendorf illusion
5. Effective painters, drawers, and sculptures make a good use of
A. Depth perception cues
B. Visual illusions
C. Perceptual constancy cues
D. All of the above
6. Each of the following is a basic taste sensation except
A. Spicy
B. Sweet
C. Sour
D. Bitter
7. If a child is rewarded for appropriate behavior every 15 minutes, what type of schedule is being used?
A. Fixed ratio
B. Variable ratio
C. Fixed interval
D. Variable interval
8. Behavior that is reinforced because it causes a negative event to stop is called
A. Shaping
B. Punishment
C. Escape conditioning
D. Avoidance conditioning
9. Which of the following is not a stage in the information-processing model of memory?
A. Short-term memory
B. Long-term memory
C. Episodic memory
D. Sensory register
10. One technique to help overcome the limited capacity of STM is called
A. Chunking
B. Rehearsal
C. Working memory
D. Semantic codes
11. The “tip-of-the-tongue” phenomenon appears to be caused by a problem in
A. Retrieval
B. Engrams
C. Reconstruction
D. Repression
12. The process of reading material and relating it to previous learning or to your own life is called
A. Rehearsal
B. Consolidation
C. Elaboration
D. Chunking
13. Each of the following is a cue that helps the hypothalamus regulate eating except
A. Stomach contractions
B. Blood sugar levels
C. Red blood cell levels
D. Blood fat levels
14. The general preference among humans to be with others is called the
A. Affiliation motive
B. Need for achievement
C. Need for self actualization
D. Group motive
15. The people who donate anonymously to charity are probably motivated by
A. Intrinsic motivation
B. Extrinsic motivation
C. Biological motivation
D. Affective habituation
16. All of the following are examples of sublimation except
A. Competing in contact sports
B. Robbing a bank
C. Painting nude portraits
D. Competing in business
17. According to Freud, lasting relationships revolving around sexual and romantic interests are possible during what stage?
A. The oral stage
B. Anal stage
C. Phallic stage
D. Genital stage
18. According to Jung, the unconscious mind with which all humans are born is called the
A. Preconscious
B. Personal conscious
C. Collective unconscious
D. None of the above
19. Which method of personality assessment attempts to delve into unconscious areas?
A. Projective tests
B. Interviews
C. Objective tests
D. None of the above
20. A source of stress characterized by the inability to satisfy a motive is called
A. Conflicts
B. Life events
C. Frustration
D. pressure
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
1. Explain the five Gestalt principles of perceptual organization. (10 marks)
2. Briefly describe the process of classical conditioning. (10 marks)
3. Explain the capabilities and functions of short term memory. (10 marks)
4. Explain five ways in which punishment can be used effectively to achieve desired behavior chan.ge (10 marks).
SECTION C: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
1. ‘Adolescence is a period of stress and storm.’ Discuss. (20 marks)
2. Describe the stages of psycho-social development according to Eriksson. (20 marks)
